{"id":12882,"date":"2025-07-14T13:10:29","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T11:10:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/caimed.de\/?page_id=12882"},"modified":"2025-07-14T13:46:29","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T11:46:29","slug":"3-fragen-an-dr-rosa-e-martin-pena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/caimed.de\/en\/3-fragen-an-dr-rosa-e-martin-pena\/","title":{"rendered":"3 Fragen an Dr. Rosa E. Mart\u00edn Pe\u00f1a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c1\" class=\"style-6747 style-local-12882-c1 position-relative\">\n  <!---->\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"12882-c2\" id=\"reusable-sections\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-6748 style-local-12882-c2 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <!---->\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c3\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-2 style-6749 style-local-12882-c3 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-start justify-content-md-start justify-content-start align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6750-outer style-local-12882-c4-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c4\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6750 style-local-12882-c4 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c5\" class=\"style-6751 style-local-12882-c5 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-global-transition-all\"><div id='colibri-12882-c5' class='breadcrumb-wrapper'>    <style type=\"text\/css\">\n        \/* breadcrumb separator symbol *\/\n\n        #colibri-12882-c5        .colibri-breadcrumb > li + li:before {\n            content: \"|\";\n            white-space: pre;\n        }\n    <\/style>\n\n    \n    <div class=\"colibri-12882-c5-dls-wrapper breadcrumb-items__wrapper\">\n                <ol class=\"breadcrumb colibri-breadcrumb\"><li class=\"breadcrumb-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/caimed.de\/en\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><\/ol>    <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6752-outer style-local-12882-c6-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c6\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6752 style-local-12882-c6 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c7\" class=\"style-6753 style-local-12882-c7 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6754-outer style-local-12882-c8-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c8\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6754 style-local-12882-c8 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c9\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-6755 style-local-12882-c9 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-6755 style-local-12882-c9\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h3 class=\"\">3 questions for...<\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c10\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-1 gutters-row-md-1 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-1 gutters-row-v-md-1 gutters-row-v-2 style-6756 style-local-12882-c10 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-1 gutters-col-md-1 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-1 gutters-col-v-md-1 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6757-outer style-local-12882-c11-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c11\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-6757 style-local-12882-c11 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c12\" class=\"d-block style-6758 style-local-12882-c12 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" data-src=\"https:\/\/caimed.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Prof.-Dr.-Wolfgang-Nejdl-2025.png\" class=\"wp-image-12872 style-6758-image style-local-12882-c12-image lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/caimed.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Prof.-Dr.-Wolfgang-Nejdl-2025.png 600w, https:\/\/caimed.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Prof.-Dr.-Wolfgang-Nejdl-2025-12x12.png 12w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600\/600;\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-6758-frameImage style-local-12882-c12-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6759-outer style-local-12882-c13-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c13\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-6759 style-local-12882-c13 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c14\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-6760 style-local-12882-c14 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-6760 style-local-12882-c14\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h3 class=\"\">Dr. Rosa E. Mart\u00edn Pe\u00f1a<\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c15\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-6761 style-local-12882-c15 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Group leader<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c16\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-6762 style-local-12882-c16 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Dr. Rosa E. Mart\u00edn Pe\u00f1a investigates the ethical and epistemological dimensions of medical AI, particularly with regard to explainability, algorithmic bias and black box phenomena. A major contribution of her research is to show how AI systems change clinical thinking under uncertainty and what role the responsible handling of different types of data plays in healthcare. The aim of her work is to promote responsible decision-making processes between humans and AI and to promote interdisciplinary collaboration.<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c17\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-6763 style-local-12882-c17 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6764-outer style-local-12882-c18-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c18\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-6764 style-local-12882-c18 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c19\" class=\"style-6765 style-local-12882-c19 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c20\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-0 style-6766 style-local-12882-c20 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-0\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6767-outer style-local-12882-c21-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c21\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-6767 style-local-12882-c21 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c22\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-6768 style-local-12882-c22 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-6768 style-local-12882-c22\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h4 class=\"\">1.\n                      <br>\n                    <\/h4>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6769-outer style-local-12882-c23-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c23\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6769 style-local-12882-c23 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c24\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-6770 style-local-12882-c24 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-6770 style-local-12882-c24\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h4 class=\"\">How do we deal with the uncertainty that even highly accurate AI systems can make wrong decisions?<\/h4>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c25\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-0 style-6771 style-local-12882-c25 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-0\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6772-outer style-local-12882-c26-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c26\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6772 style-local-12882-c26 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c27\" class=\"h-icon style-6773 style-local-12882-c27 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!----><span class=\"h-svg-icon h-icon__icon style-6773-icon style-local-12882-c27-icon\"><!--Icon by Material Icons (https:\/\/material.io)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"format_quote\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path d=\"M299 363l42-86h-64V149h128v128l-42 86h-64zm-171 0l43-86h-64V149h128v128l-43 86h-64z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6769-outer style-local-12882-c28-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c28\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6769 style-local-12882-c28 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c29\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-6774 style-local-12882-c29 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Uncertainty in AI is not just a matter of accuracy, it reflects deeper human expectations of perfection and clarity. We often hope that machines will remove the ambiguity we struggle with. But history reminds us that uncertainty has always been part of decision-making. Before X-rays or even basic hygiene practices transformed medicine, doctors operated with limited and often unreliable information.<\/p>\n                    <p>Over time, we developed tools that extended our perception far beyond what our senses allow, from nanometers of light to deep brain activity. AI continues this trajectory, offering new ways to perceive patterns and make predictions. But even the most advanced models have limits. Some aspects of reality, such as missing data, changing contexts, or human values, remain difficult to capture computationally.<\/p>\n                    <p>This is especially evident in domains such as oncology or intensive care, where prognoses rely on complex, evolving data, and uncertainty becomes an integral part of clinical judgment. Today, technical methods such as confidence intervals, model calibration, or robustness analysis can help quantify and manage uncertainty. However, no statistical technique can fully resolve the normative ambiguity that arises when AI systems are used in high-stakes decisions affecting human lives.<\/p>\n                    <p>Rather than trying to eliminate uncertainty, we need to learn to work with it. That means clarifying what AI can and cannot do, and designing decision-making systems that include uncertainty as a feature, not a flaw. By making these boundaries visible, we don\u2019t lose trust in AI, we gain the ability to trust it wisely and to situate it responsibly within human decision-making.<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c30\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-0 style-6766 style-local-12882-c30 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-0\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6767-outer style-local-12882-c31-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c31\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-6767 style-local-12882-c31 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c32\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-6768 style-local-12882-c32 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-6768 style-local-12882-c32\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h4 class=\"\">2.<\/h4>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6769-outer style-local-12882-c33-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c33\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6769 style-local-12882-c33 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c34\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-6770 style-local-12882-c34 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-6770 style-local-12882-c34\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h4 class=\"\">What does justice mean in the context of medical AI, and how can it\nbe operationalized in concrete terms?<\/h4>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c35\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-0 style-6771 style-local-12882-c35 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-0\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6772-outer style-local-12882-c36-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c36\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6772 style-local-12882-c36 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c37\" class=\"h-icon style-6773 style-local-12882-c37 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!----><span class=\"h-svg-icon h-icon__icon style-6773-icon style-local-12882-c37-icon\"><!--Icon by Material Icons (https:\/\/material.io)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"format_quote\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path d=\"M299 363l42-86h-64V149h128v128l-42 86h-64zm-171 0l43-86h-64V149h128v128l-43 86h-64z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6769-outer style-local-12882-c38-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c38\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6769 style-local-12882-c38 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c39\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-6774 style-local-12882-c39 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Justice in medical AI is not merely about equal treatment or universal\naccess, it requires recognizing asymmetries in data, resources, and\nlived experience. Operationalizing justice means asking not \u201cDoes this\nsystem work for most?\u201d but rather \u201cFor whom does it fail, and why?\u201d<\/p>\n                    <p>Concretely, this entails using representative datasets, conducting\nregular bias audits, applying disaggregated performance metrics across\nsubgroups, and ensuring stakeholder participation from the earliest\nstages of system design. It also involves building mechanisms for\ncontestability, giving individuals not only the right, but also the\npractical means to understand, question, and appeal decisions that\naffect their health and dignity.<\/p>\n                    <p>Justice further requires the generation of more context-sensitive\nknowledge. For instance, many cardiovascular risk prediction models\nperform worse for women or racialized populations because they are\ntrained on homogenous, male-biased datasets. Similarly, the\nunderdiagnosis of autoimmune conditions in women or the misdiagnosis of\nanxiety in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome illustrate how AI can\nreplicate long-standing diagnostic blind spots unless critically\nexamined.<\/p>\n                    <p>\n                      <br>Designing with justice in mind is therefore not only about the data we\nuse, but also about the questions we formulate and the patterns we\nprioritize. Justice, in this context, is not a fixed outcome, but an\nongoing normative process, one that demands humility, vigilance, and\ninclusive thinking, and that must be evaluated as rigorously as any\nother system performance metric.<\/p>\n                    <p>\n                      <br>\n                    <\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c40\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-0 style-6766 style-local-12882-c40 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-0\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6767-outer style-local-12882-c41-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c41\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-6767 style-local-12882-c41 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c42\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-6768 style-local-12882-c42 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-6768 style-local-12882-c42\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h4 class=\"\">3.<\/h4>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6769-outer style-local-12882-c43-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c43\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6769 style-local-12882-c43 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c44\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-6770 style-local-12882-c44 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-6770 style-local-12882-c44\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h4 class=\"\">How can we ensure that ethical principles, such as fairness and\ndiversity, are integrated into the design of training data and\nprocesses from the start to prevent biases?<\/h4>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c45\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-0 style-6771 style-local-12882-c45 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-0\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6772-outer style-local-12882-c46-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c46\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6772 style-local-12882-c46 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c47\" class=\"h-icon style-6773 style-local-12882-c47 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!----><span class=\"h-svg-icon h-icon__icon style-6773-icon style-local-12882-c47-icon\"><!--Icon by Material Icons (https:\/\/material.io)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"format_quote\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path d=\"M299 363l42-86h-64V149h128v128l-42 86h-64zm-171 0l43-86h-64V149h128v128l-43 86h-64z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-6769-outer style-local-12882-c48-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c48\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-0 style-6769 style-local-12882-c48 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"12882-c49\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-6774 style-local-12882-c49 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>The biases of AI systems are not anomalies, they reflect how data has\nhistorically been collected, labeled, and prioritized, as well as how\nother forms of knowledge have been systematically ignored. For\ninstance, a widely cited study found that an algorithm used in U.S.\nhospitals to allocate care for high-risk patients systematically\nunderestimated the health needs of Black patients, because it relied on\nhistorical healthcare expenditures, a proxy that reflected unequal\naccess to care, not actual clinical need. Another example is the\npersistent underdiagnosis of women in medicine, a field long shaped by\nmale-centric symptom profiles and clinical standards.<\/p>\n                    <p>These are not isolated flaws. They illustrate how AI systems can\nreinforce and even magnify existing patterns of injustice if ethical\nprinciples are not embedded from the outset. Medical AI, in particular,\nhas enormous normative impact, it does not merely assist in diagnosis,\nit helps define what counts as normal, healthy, or pathological.<\/p>\n                    <p>Integrating fairness and diversity therefore requires more than\ntechnical fixes. It calls for rethinking foundational assumptions, what\ncounts as evidence, whose experiences are represented, and how\ndifference and uncertainty are treated. From a technical standpoint,\nthis involves applying subgroup fairness metrics, testing for\ncounterfactual fairness, and using data documentation tools such as\nModel Cards and Datasheets for Datasets to ensure transparency about\ndata provenance, limitations, and representativeness. These tools help\nmove fairness from an abstract value to an operational practice\nembedded within model development workflows.<\/p>\n                    <p>The field of machine ethics also plays a key role, not only by applying\nethical principles externally, but by encoding normative reasoning into\nintelligent systems, guiding decisions toward values such as equity,\ndignity, and respect for difference.<\/p>\n                    <p>Ultimately, ethical integration is not just about correcting past\nbiases, but about designing with intention, through backcasting:\ndefining the kinds of healthcare futures we want AI to support, and\nworking backwards to inform how we collect data, structure models, and\nmake decisions today.<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3 Fragen an&#8230; Dr. Rosa E. Mart\u00edn Pe\u00f1a Gruppenleiterin Dr. Rosa E. Mart\u00edn Pe\u00f1a untersucht die ethischen und erkenntnistheoretischen Dimensionen medizinischer KI, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Erkl\u00e4rbarkeit, algorithmische Verzerrung und Black-Box-Ph\u00e4nomene. Ein wesentlicher Beitrag ihrer Forschung liegt darin, aufzuzeigen, wie KI-Systeme das klinische Denken unter Unsicherheit ver\u00e4ndern und welche Rolle dabei der verantwortungsvolle Umgang mit [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12882","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/caimed.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/caimed.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/caimed.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/caimed.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/caimed.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12882"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/caimed.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12897,"href":"https:\/\/caimed.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12882\/revisions\/12897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/caimed.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}